驾校冲突话语中的规约化不礼貌程式与身份建构

Conventionalized Impoliteness Formulae and Identity Construction in Confrontational Discourse:Evidence from a Driver Training Center

规约化不礼貌程式是交际者根据语用取向采用的一种语言形式。结合驾校训练语料,本文探讨规约化不礼貌程式建构身份的人际(不)和谐取向,旨在揭示人际关系制约下规约化不礼貌程式参与身份建构的互动过程。本文首先从语用学角度阐释规约化不礼貌程式及其典型特征,然后讨论规约化不礼貌程式如何建构个人身份、关系身份与集体身份以及三者的动态关系,重点分析规约化不礼貌程式身份建构中体现的人际(不)和谐取向。研究发现,规约化不礼貌程式身份建构不仅可以呈现和谐挑战取向,也可以体现积极和谐取向,提升交际者之间的人际关系。

Conventionalized impoliteness formulae are situation-bound utterances used for interpersonal purposes. On the basis of data collected from driver training conversations, this paper focuses on the rapport orientations of identity construction realized by conventionalized impoliteness formulae so as to explore the interrelatedness of conventionalized impoliteness formulae and identity construction under the influence of interpersonal relationship. After a discussion of pragmatic features of conventionalized impoliteness formulae, the paper examines the construction of individual identity, interpersonal identity and group identity and their relatedness, paying special attention to the rapport orientation reflected in the construction processes. It is revealed that conventionalized impoliteness formulae can not only be adopted to construct the above identities in rapport-challenge orientations but also be used to represent rapport-enhancement orientation and promote interpersonal relationship.