事件社会学脉络下的阶级政治与国家自主性——马克思《路易·波拿巴的雾月十八日》新释

Class Politics and State Autonomy in the Context of Eventful Sociology:New Interpretation of The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte

《路易·波拿巴的雾月十八日》开创了将结构史与事件史结合在一起的事件社会学,即把结构、局势和行动者三个要素折叠在同一时段的事件分析中。除按时间线索展开外,马克思在该书中安排了两条理论线索:明线是历史沿着阶级的革命性不断倒退的方向前行,暗线是国家相对自主性的逐渐呈现。马克思由此将阶级斗争的学说与国家自主性的理论有机地融合在一起,对波拿巴政变这样一个极其复杂的历史事件进行了透彻的解剖,展现了丰富的社会学想象力。

The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte created the tradition of eventful sociology,combining structural history and eventful history.The eventful sociology folded the structure,the conjuncture and the actors into the event analysis of a same period.This book contains two theoretical clues.The explicit clue is that history goes forward in the direction of retreat by the revolutionary nature of the class,whereas the implicit clue is the gradual emergence of the relative autonomy of the state.Therefore,by combining the theory of class struggle and the theory of state autonomy,Marx carried out intensive analysis of the Bonaparte's coup,which was an extremely complex historical event.The analysis showcased Marx's rich sociological imagination.