从“国家主导”到多元推动——集体协商的新趋势及其类型学

From State Domination to Multiple Actors Initiation:New Trends and the Typology of Collective Consultation

既有研究普遍认为中国的集体协商是国家主导型模式,但通过在珠三角、长三角和东北等地的田野研究,本文发现,由于劳动力市场供求关系变化、工人谈判地位增强以及地方政府和雇主调整自身角色等原因,集体协商已经呈现出多样的类型,正在进入一个多元推动的时代。从程序性规则和实体性规则这两个维度出发,本文建构了一个集体协商的类型学,将集体协商区分为国家主导、工人主导、雇主主导和工会主导四种类型,并从工人实体获利、稳定劳资秩序两个方面对四种类型进行了比较。本文进一步分析了集体协商新类型的形成机制与实践效果,认为不同的工人组织化形态决定了不同的集体协商类型。最后,本文进一步讨论了集体协商未来可能的发展方向以及面临的约束条件。

It has been argued that China's collective consultation follows a state domination model.The paper,however,finds that there are different types of collective consultation,due to the evolution of the labor market,the enhancement of the workers'status,and the adjustment of the roles of the local government and employers.Collective consultation enters the era of multiple actors initiation.The paper introduces four types of collective consultation in China:the state-dominating model,the worker-dominating model,the employer-dominating model,and the trade union-dominating model.The four types are compared on the basis of the profit earned by the workers and the stability of the labor order.This paper further analyzes the formative mechanism and the practical effect of the new types of collective consultation.Different forms of labor organization have a decisive effect on different types of collective consultation.Finally,this paper discusses the future developmental trend of collective consultation and its constraints.