地方工会“借力”运作的过程、条件及局限

Power Borrowing and Its Limitation:The Operational Mechanism of Local Trade Unions

地方工会既不具有社会动员力量,也不具有行政权力。因此,地方工会只能一方面在组织结构层面,以正式的、制度化的方式向地方政府及相关部门"借力",并对之进行整合,形成"合力";另一方面在个体行动层面以非正式的、非制度化的方式来协调与借力部门的关系,进而维系和利用这种"合力"来履行其职能。在此过程中,权力、利益、情感和伦理等因素被糅合在一起,看似相互矛盾的公益与私利、正式与非正式、制度化与非制度化因素却彼此相辅相成。地方工会的这种运作机制直接取决于地方政府对多方利益的权衡,并有其内在的局限性,再加上地方工会与企业工会的有机联系不足,使得这种运作机制在基层实施的效果被弱化了。

Local trade unions possess neither the power for social mobilization,nor administrative power.Therefore,they have to reply on other sources of power.At the organizational level,they borrow power from the local government and its departments.On an individual basis,they informally coordinate and interact with these departments.During this process,power,interests,sentiments,and ethics are so entangled that multiple paradoxes can be observed.Whether the mechanism of power borrowing by the local trade unions can function well depends on the ability of the local government to balance different players of the game.Internal limitations of the unions and the fact that the connection between the local trade unions and corporate trade unions is rather loose also weaken the effect of this mechanism of power borrowing.