神话、共鸣与文学传统

Myth,Echo and Literary Tradition: the Analysis of Northrop Frye's Poetry Criticism

神话作为人类最早的想象和创造性思维形式,因其能够勾勒人类文化的某个特殊领域,而带有独特的严肃性和重述性。文学批评家诺斯罗普·弗莱认为,有启示意义或普世价值的神话意象能够成为读者在尝试了解诗人想象力时一把开启诗人内心的钥匙。读者与诗人的想象力通过相同的集体无意识实现对诗歌内涵心领神会的共鸣,通过某一个神话或仪式的原型,加深诗歌的主题。而文学传统的传递与继承起始于神话为诗人建构的古老文学框架,最终通过不同时空的作者之间产生的共鸣得以实现。弗莱的诗歌评论不仅表现了神话-原型理论的基本观点,同时也是理论作用在具体文本实践中的有效说明,从中不仅能够窥见弗莱的文学偏好,也是了解其理论形成的重要方式。

As the earliest imagination and creative thinking model of human beings, myth carries peculiar seriousness and reiteration because of its ability to sketch human culture＇s special field. Northrop Frye believes that the apocalyptic and universal mythological images will be the key to the understanding of the poets＇ imagi- nation for the reader. By mean of the similar collective unconscious, the readers and the poets will get echoes to understand poetry tacitly so that to enhance the theme by the archetype of myth or ceremony. The transfer and heritage of literary tradition starts with the ancient framework constructed by myth, and realizes by the echoes from different writers in different historical periods. The poetry criticism of Northrop Frye not only re- veals the fundamental views of the myth-archetypical theory, but also is the effective explanation of its theory in specific textual practice. Meanwhile, it also can make out Frye＇s literary preference as well as the process of its theoretical formation.