非法技术侦查证据排除制度比较研究——以英、美、法、德四国为样本的分析

A Comparative Study on Illegal Technical Investigation Evidence Exclusion System:the Case of the United Kingdom,America,France,and Germany

当今世界各国及国际组织,大都制定了非法证据排除规则。作为一种特殊的侦查措施,技术侦查获取的证据,也应适用非法证据排除规则。域外法治国家对非法技术侦查证据排除制度做了大量有益尝试,在适用非法证据排除规则对非法技术侦查证据进行排除方面作出了相关规定。我国在法制层面上对技术侦查获取材料赋予证据资格和对非法证据排除制度确认得较晚。通过比较考察两大法系代表国家非法技术侦查证据排除制度,可以为我国非法技术侦查证据排除制度的健全和完善提供有益思路。结合我国法治现状,我国应确立最后手段原则,完善技术侦查措施程序设计,并建立强制排除与裁量排除相结合的非法技术侦查证据排除制度。

Today,many countries and international organizations have introduced Illegal Evidence Exclusive Rule（ IEER）. The evidence obtained by technical investigation,a special investigation measure,should also be applicable to this rule. Other law-ruled nations have made great efforts on Illegal Technical Investigation Evidence Exclusive System（ ITIEES） with relevant provisions produced to support IEER＇s applicability. However,China is a late starter in this field. Through comparison of ITIEES practice under two major legal systems in typical countries,useful ideas can be offered for China＇s ITIEES progress in the principle making,technical investigation procedure design and system establishment with compulsory exclusion and judicial discretion exclusion combined.