催化剂在木质纤维素液化中应用的研究进展

A Review on the Application of Catalyst in the Liquefaction of Lignocellulose

木质纤维素是最丰富的可再生资源之一,具有低污染,广泛分布等优点,在化石资源日益枯竭的背景下,将其转化为高附加值化学品,为工业原料和能源油料提供可替代的资源是当前研究的一个热点,具有广阔的发展前景。文中详细综述了近年来国内外在木质纤维素液化中使用的催化剂类型、作用和研究进展,主要介绍了以浓硫酸为代表的液体无机酸,以NaOH为代表的固体无机碱,以草酸为代表的有机酸,以AlCl_3为代表的盐类和以Cl-/Fe_2O_3为代表的固体杂多酸;同时,分析、对比了不同类型催化剂的优点和缺点,预测了未来木质纤维素液化催化剂的发展趋势和前景。

As the supplies of fossil resources are inevitably declining, converting lignocellulose into high value- added chemicals, which can be used as alternatives to industrial raw materials or energy oil, becomes a hotspot of current research and has broad prospects for development. In this paper, the type, role and research progress of catalysts used in the liquefaction of lignocellulose were reviewed in detail, including liquid inorganic acid represented by concentrated sulfuric acid, solid inorganic base represented by NaOH, organic acid represented by oxalic acid, salts represented by AlCl3, solid heteropoly acid represented by Cl-/Fe2O3. Meanwhile, the advantages and disadvantages of different types of catalysts were discussed, and then the developing prospects of catalyst used in the process of lignocellulose liquefaction were forecasted.