我国玉米生产的时空特征分析

Temporal and Spatial Characteristics of Maize Production in China

玉米作为我国第一大粮食作物,用途广泛,在农业生产中占据重要地位。通过LMDI方法分析1949~2014年全国及31个省市区玉米产量、种植面积及单产时空特征和产量要素贡献得出结论,1949年至今,我国玉米产量增长17倍,目前玉米产量属于面积主导型增加,种植面积贡献率为51.9%;玉米单产波动幅度较大;玉米生产呈集中趋势,主要集中于华北和东北地区;1978年以来,我国玉米种植省份中由单产主导的产量增加省份减少。为保障玉米产量稳定增长,应依靠科技提高玉米单产,推进玉米生产基础设施建设,扩大畜牧业发达地区玉米自给率。

Maize is the one of the largest grain corps in China. As a useful corp, maize has an importantrole in agriculture. This paper analyzed the main contribution of maize yield, area of production and per unitproduct to temporal and spatial characteristics using LMDI method during 1949-2014 in China and 31 provinces. It is concluded that China＇s maize output had increased 17 times since 1949. Because ofincreasing per unit product, China maize output amount had increased. The contribution rate of plantingarea was 51.9%. Increasing per unit product was large; maize production was concentrated in north Chinaand northeast China. The number of provinces which produced maize had reduced since 1978. In order toensure the stability of maize production, it should be proceed to three aspects： improve maize product rely onscience and technology; promote maize product rely on infrastructure construction; and expand livestockindustry＇s self-sufficiency rate.