基于3S的大同侏罗系采煤区地质灾害空间特征分析

Spatial Characteristics Analysis of Geological Hazards in Datong Jurassic Coal Mining Area Based on 3S Technology

以大同侏罗系煤层开采区为研究区,针对崩塌、滑坡、地面塌陷3种灾害类型,以资源三号卫星影像和1∶50 000地形图为数据源,采用人机交互方式解译得到该区地质灾害点,通过野外核查方式验证、修正成果,得到了研究区的地质灾害分布信息。研究区内共发育地质灾害点294处,其中,崩塌18处,滑坡10处,地面塌陷266处。通过GIS空间分析功能对灾害点与地貌因子、人类活动之间的关系进行了分析。结果表明:区内灾害点主要发育在0°~25°坡段内,坡向分布上则主要集中在平坡段;灾害点对区内道路与居民地的影响较大,对河流的影响较小。同时,崩塌和滑坡灾害与地面塌陷灾害之间在空间分布上具有较强的相关性。

Taking Datong Jurassic system coal mining district as the study area, for three types of disasters including collapse,landslide and ground subsidence, with ＂ZY 3＂ satellite images and 1 ∶50 000 scale topographical map as data source, we adopted man-machine interactive way to interpret the geological hazard points of the area, and validated and modified results by way of field verification to obtain the information of distribution of geological hazard in the study area. There are a total of 294 geological hazards in the study area, including 18 collapses, 10 landslides and 266 ground subsidences. GIS spatial analysis function was used to analyze the relationship of geological hazards, geomorphologic factor and human activities. It turned out that the main geological hazards distributed in slope of 0 ° to 25 °, and distribution is mainly concentrated in the flat slope section; hazad points have more influence on highway and residential areas in the area and have less effect on river. Collapse, landslide and ground subsidence disasters have strong correlation on the spatial distribution.