芥子气酶法洗消及烷基卤脱卤酶分子改造进展

Recent Progress in Enzymatic Decontamination of Sulfur Mustard and HLDs Modifications by Protein Engineering

高效降解糜烂性毒剂芥子气一直是洗消技术研究的难点,传统的化学法洗消产物有毒,洗消剂腐蚀性强,而且无法用于皮肤洗消。该文综述了芥子气的酶法洗消研究进展,针对生物酶在战场洗消时的实际问题,进一步综述了蛋白质工程对烷基卤脱卤酶(HLDs)改造的研究方法和成果。其中,通过改变底物结合位点、进出通道和帽结构上的残基不仅可以更深入了解酶结构与功能的关系,而且可以挖掘出降解活性和热稳定性都大幅提高的良性突变体,是HLDs蛋白质工程改造的热点。

Effective degradation of blister agent sulfur mustard（HD）has long been a challenging task of decontamination technology. The current chemical decontaminant can generate toxic byproducts, exhibit undesirable aggressiveness on materials. Moreover,such decontaminant could not be used in decontaminating skin. This paper gives a mini review of the advances in enzymatic decontamination to neutralize HD, and research progress of protein engineering haloalkane dehalogenases（EC3.8.1.5,HLDs）. Changing residues on the substrate binding site,entrance tunnel and the cap structure,can not only make us more deeply understand the relationship between structure and function of HLDs,and can also dig out benign mutants with the better degrading activity and thermal stability,which is a hot spot in the reconstruction of HLDs molecules.