低保依赖的影响因素及对策——一个综合解释模型探讨

Influencing Factors for and Countermeasures against Over-reliance on Subsistence Allowances:A Comprehensive Interpretation Model

低保对象退保难是低保管理当前面临的核心难题。正确认识低保依赖的成因对于优化低保动态管理具有至关重要的意义。以2013年"中国城乡困难家庭社会政策支持系统建设"项目数据为基础的实证研究发现:对于低保依赖问题,"人口特征决定论"具有一定的解释力;以退休、子女毕业为代表的"显性"变化因素对退保发挥出显著影响,隐性就业下的退保难问题凸现;就业服务政策对退保的推动作用依然有限。由此,多元化社会救助体系的构建、资格审查机制的完善以及积极性就业服务政策的发展,将是提高低保动态管理水平的有效路径。

The over-reliance on subsistence allowances is the core challenge facing the management of subsistence allowances. Correct understanding of the causes of this over-reliance is of vital importance in optimizing the management of subsistence allowances. An empirical study based on the project data of the Social Policy Support System for Chinese Families Suffering from Financial Difficulties in Urban and Suburban China shows us that ＂demographic determinism＂ has some explanatory power in helping us to understand the over-reliance on subsistence allowances. Other explicit factors, like retirement, the graduation of younger generation from school, may have significant impacts on the quitting of subsistence allowances, and the problem of over-reliance on subsistence allowance is especially serious in cases of implicit employment. The role of the employment service policy in promoting the quitting of subsistence allowance is still limited. Thus, the construction of a diverse social assistance system, the perfection of the qualification examination mechanism and the development of active employment service policy will be an effective way to improve the management of subsistence allowance.