派系政治与农民上访的逻辑

Factional Politics and the Logic of Peasant Petitions

派系竞争导致派系上访的生成,而派系上访具有弱组织性、求援性、非政治性、目标的人格化和参与者的两面性等特征。与那些"为权利而斗争"的农民上访行为不同,派系上访的目的是"为利益而斗争"。派系上访虽然在一定程度上有利于监督村治精英,维系村庄内部权力均衡,但也容易导致村政混乱和村庄公共性缺失,增加基层治理成本,耗费国家治理资源。在学理层面,基于村庄派系政治的视角理解农民上访行为逻辑,有利于进一步拓展农民抗争问题的研究视野。在政策层面,这一研究视角有助于决策部门更为清晰地认识农民上访行为的深层根源。为有效治理派系上访,国家需要进一步完善农村公共资源分配机制,加强基层民主制度建设,培育理性、协商的公民文化。

Factional competition leads to factional petitions. Factional petitions are characterized by weak organization, appeal for support, non-political nature, personification of the target and duality of the participants. Unlike the rural petitioners who fight for their rights, factional petitioners aim at ＂fighting for their interests＂. To a certain extent, factional petitions are conducive to supervision of the village elite and maintain the power balance within the village. However, they are also likely to lead to chaos of village politics and loss of village publicity and to increase the cost of grass-roots governance and consumption of national governance resources. At the academic level, understanding the logic of peasant petitions from the perspective of village factional politics is helpful to expand the research vision of the peasant resistance. At the policy level, this research perspective will help decision- making departments to have a clearer understanding of the deep-seated causes of peasant petitions. To control factional petitions, the state needs to improve the distribution mechanism of rural public re- sources, strengthen grass-roots democracy system and cultivate a rational and consultative civic cul- ture.