从正义到公正:全球气候治理的普适道德原则

From Justice to Fairness: Universal Principles of Global Climate Control

目前,无论国际社会还是国家社会,气候博弈都成为实践难题。因为有关气候治理的政治协商、法律构建和减排化污方案,都缺少必须的伦理支撑,缺乏能够引导达成共识和进行实践规范的公正原则指导。气候公正原则从认知和操作两个方面引导规范气候治理。气候公正实践认知由四个具体原则所引导:即利害权衡,实施气候治理的首要认知原则;分配平等,实施气候治理的根本认知原则;应当·正当·正义,实施气候治理的评价导向原则;国际合作,实施气候治理的保障原则。气候公正实践操作由两个具体原则所规范:一是权责对等的问责原则,包括历史问责、现实问责和未来问责原则;二是污染者付费原则,包括谁污染谁担责和谁受损谁得益的原则。

Currently, climate gaming has become a practical puzzle in domestic and foreign societies, which is because there are no ethics for supporting the political consultations, legal constructions, and abatement programs of climate control, and no fairness principle to promote consensus and norms to guide practice. Principle of climate fairness can guide climate control in cognition and operation. Cognition of climate fairness practice is guided by 4 specific principles, namely, balance of advantages and disadvantages as the first cognition principle, equality of distribution as the basic cognition principle, should, appropriateness and justice as the evaluation principles, and international cooperation as the protection principle. Operation of climate fairness practice is guided by 2 specific principles： first, the principle of responsibility with reciprocity of rights and responsibility, including responsibilities of the past, the present, and the future; second, the principle of polluters paying, including polluters paying and victims being compensated.