微咸水膜下滴灌对土壤盐分离子分布和番茄产量的影响

Effect of Saline Water Mulched Drip Irrigation on Soil Salt Ions Distribution and Yield of Tomato

为了探讨微咸水膜下滴灌对土壤盐分分布和番茄产量的影响,在内蒙古河套灌区进行了田间试验,共设置3种灌水处理:淡水灌水定额30 mm、微咸水灌水定额30 mm和微咸水灌水定额37.5 mm,每个处理重复3次,随机布置。结果表明:HCO_3^-、Cl^-、Na^+和K^+容易随水分移动,当微咸水灌水定额为37.5 mm时,淋洗效果最好;SO_4^(2-)、Ca^(2+)和Mg^(2+)与土壤胶体吸附力较强,不易随水分运动,淋洗效果不明显;在番茄生育期结束后需要秋季或来年春季汇水洗盐,防止微咸水灌溉后引起的盐碱危害;微咸水灌溉相比淡水灌溉的灌水定额要增大1/4左右。

In order to study the effects of saline water mulched drip irrigation on salt transport and tomato yield,an experiment is conducted in Hetao,Inner Mongolia.Three irrigation treatments are set up,including freshwater irrigation with quota of 30 mm,saline water irrigation with quota of 30 mm and saline water irrigation with quota of 37.5 mm.Each treatment is repeated 3 times and randomly arranged.The results show that the HCO3-,Cl-Na＋ and K＋are easy to move with water,the effect of leaching is obvious when the saline water irrigation quota is 37.5 mm; the adsorption ability of SO42-,Ca2＋ and Mg（2＋） with soil colloid is stronger and not easy to move along with the movement of water,the leaching effect is not obvious; after harvesting tomato,in the autumn or next spring,watering with fresh water is needed to prevent salt harm of saline water irrigation; the irrigation quota of saline water irrigation increase by 1/4 than that of fresh water.