恩平市晚稻施肥状况调查与分析

Investigation and Analysis of Fertilization of Late Rice in Enping City

为了解广东省恩平市晚稻种植生产过程中施肥管理中存在的问题,为晚稻平衡施肥提供参考,该研究通过农户抽样调查,对恩平市20户(样本)晚稻种植户晚稻施肥状况进行分析。调查结果显示,广东省恩平市晚稻生产的施肥次数为1~3次,施用肥料以15-15-15颗粒复合肥料为主,用尿素、过磷酸钙、氯化钾补充氮、磷、钾,未施用有机肥。氮(N)、磷(P_2O_5)、钾(K_2O)的平均施用量为186.55kg/hm^2、61.84kg/hm^2、131.51kg/hm^2,肥料施用量N∶P_2O_5∶K_2O=1.00∶0.33∶0.70。由此可见,广东省恩平市晚稻生产中肥料施用量偏高,特别是氮肥投入偏高,忽视有机肥,重追肥轻基肥,应通过测土配方后平衡施肥。

This paper aims at understanding the problems of local fertilization management of late rice planting in Enping City Guangdong Province in order to provide some references for balanced fertilization of local late rice pro- duction.Through investigating, 20 fertilization status of late rice planters in Enping City Guangdong Province were an- alyzed.The late rice fertilized 1-3 times in Enping City.All of the planters applied compound fertilizer（N：P： K 15 ： 15 ： 15）on late rice.Some of planters broadcasted urea, calcium superphosphate and potassium chloride to supply nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer.Organic fertilizer was not applied in late rice planting.Total fertilizer N, P205, K2O average application rates were 186.55,61.84 and 131.51 kg/hm^2, respectively, and N ： P2O5： K20 = 1.00 ： 0.33 ： 0.70.The N, P and K fertilizer rates, especially the rate of nitrogen and potassium fertilizer, were higher than the nu- trient demands of late rice.The role of organic manure was neglected and depending only on the chemical fertilizer. Therefore, the local field experiment should be carried out to realize balanced fertilization.