勃律与西藏苯教、藏传佛教关系考略

A Brief Study of the Relationship between Bru sha,Bon and Tibetan Buddhism

勃律(■)是象雄西部重要邦国,公元八世纪始受吐蕃管辖,分裂为大、小勃律。历史上,该地区曾盛行西藏苯教,是苯教第二大世系喇嘛家族——竹氏家族的发源地。竹氏家族自勃律东迁至西藏阿里和日喀则地区之后,成为苯教后弘期宗教革新的中坚力量。此外,竹氏家族还与藏传佛教有密切关系,第五世、八世班禅均出身于该家族。勃律、竹氏家族与西藏苯教、藏传佛教之间的复杂关系,为我们全面了解以象雄、吐蕃为代表的藏族古代历史,客观辨析佛、苯关系,比较研究历代中央政府治藏政策提供了学术新视角;同时也反映出中国古代边疆各民族以宗教文化为纽带,进一步融合发展的历史大趋势。

Bru sha was an important state in the western Zhang Zhung and was split into big Bru sha and small Bru sha in the eighth century under the control of Tubo. In history, Tibetan Bon religion was very popular in this region where the second largest Lama family of Bon religion, Zhu＇ s family originated. After Zhu＇ s family migrated from Bru sha to All and Shigatse in Tibet, it became the backbone power of religious reform in the late period of Bon religion. Besides, the family had a close relation with Tibetan Buddhism, for the Fifth Panchen and the Eighth Panchen were both from this family. The complicated relationship between Bru sha, Zhu＇ s family, the Bon religion and Tibetan Buddhism has provided a new academic angle for us to fully understand the ancient Tibetan history represented by Zhang Zhung and Tubo, objectively analyze the relationship between Buddhism and Bon religion, and make a comparative study of the policies to govern Tibet by the central governments in the past dynasties. Meanwhile, it also reflects the historical trend of integrated development of different ethnic groups linked by religious culture in border areas of ancient China.