质子交换膜燃料电池的数学模型及其仿真研究

Mathematical model and simulation study of proton exchange membrane fuel cells

燃料电池在分布式发电系统中的作用日益增大,而为弥补单独采用燃料电池所带来的系统动态响应不足等缺点,引入了超级电容这一重要的储能元件。介绍了质子交换膜燃料电池和超级电容的原理,分析了燃料电池的经验和机理两种数学模型,利用MATLAB分别建立了燃料电池两种仿真模型,研究了燃料电池在不同输入条件下的输出特性,并与实际情况作比较分析。仿真结果表明:燃料电池仿真模型与实际情况相吻合,模型输出特性能够快速响应输入的变化且稳定运行,燃料电池输出特性的研究能够合理有效地设计控制器并使其工作在最优状态,作为微电源的一种为微网进一步研究提供了一定的参考价值。

Fuel cells play an important role in distributed power generation systems. In order to compensate the deficiencies of dynamic response and other shortcomings of fuel cell, super capacitor energy storage component is introduced. The principles of proton exchange membrane fuel cell and super capacitor were introduced and two mathematical models of fuel cells about experience and the mechanism were analyzed. Two simulation models of fuel cell were established using MATLAB to study the output characteristics of fuel cell under different input conditions and making comparative analysis with the actual situation.Simulation results show that： fuel cell simulation model is consistent with the actual situation, and the output characteristics of model are enough to quickly respond to changes in input and the model is in stable operation. The research on output characteristics of fuel cell can be reasonably effective to design controller in order to make it work in the best state, which provides a reference value for the further study of micro-grid as a micro power supply.