汉代的初郡制度

The Early Prefecture System in the Han Dynasty

据文献记载,可以重新确定汉初郡的范围,认为其中不应包括南海郡。随着郡、县等职官的设置,初郡形式上就与汉郡相近。而初郡"以其故俗治"的政策,西汉基本未变,前后承继有着长久的政策连贯性。但进入东汉后,该政策不断遭到破坏。在原初郡内"可比汉人,增其租赋"及地方官对故俗的主动改造,成为东汉华南郡国叛乱不断的重要原因。而随着东汉时对"以其故俗治"和"毋赋税"等政策的破坏,初郡制度逐渐消失。

The scope of the early prefecture in the Han Dynasty could be reconfirmed according to the records in the document, it was believed that it excluded the County of the South China Sea. With the establishment and appointment of prefecture and county officials, the early prefecture system was very much similar to the one in the Han Dynasty. The Policy of Rule by Customs remained almost unchanged in the Western Han Dy- nasty, with a long-term continuity. Yet, in the Eastern Han Dynasty, this policy was repeatedly spoiled by constantly increasing taxes and corvee of the minorities until they were treated the same as the Han people, and by the local officials＇ changing the old customs, as a result, revolts grew intensified in the prefectures and counties in the Southern China, eventually, the early prefecture system gradually disappeared due to the chan- ges in the Policy of Rule by Customs and the Policy of Zero Tax.