中国小麦重要生产品种及国外材料在云南的抗白粉病表现

Resistance to Powdery Mildew of Chinese Wheat Commercial Cultivars and Foreign Materials in Yunnan Province

为了解中国小麦生产上主要抗白粉基因、重要生产品种及国外小麦材料对白粉病的田间抗性状况,采用自然鉴定法,在2012-2013年对Pm2、Pm4a、Pm4b、Pm2+6、Pm8及Pm21等6个抗白粉基因、46个中国小麦重要生产品种及66份国外小麦材料在云南临沧、德宏、大理、玉溪、昆明和昭通等6个代表性地点进行成株期抗性监测。结果表明,该6个抗白粉病基因抗性已逐渐丧失,压缩含Pm8及Pm21的小麦品种面积已迫在眉睫,Pm2、Pm4a、Pm4b和Pm2+6,也应合理利用。中国小麦生产品种整体抗白粉病水平低,46个品种中,没有1个在云南2年6点均表现抗性,6个品种仅在1个点表现感病,18个品种在2个点表现感病,22个品种在3个点以上表现感病。66个国外小麦材料中,只有Hybrid 46和Heines Kolben在云南2年6个点均表现抗病,是较稳定的抗白粉病材料。7个材料只在1个点表现感病,29个材料在2点表现感病,28个材料在3个点以上表现感病。说明当前中国白粉病抗源及抗病品种十分缺乏,寻找新的白粉病抗源及培育新的抗白粉病品种,十分紧迫,生产上当务之急是加强监测及应急防控,以确保小麦安全生产。

This study aimed to know the resistance to powdery mildew of major Pm genes used in China, and Chinese wheat commercial culti- vats, as well as foreign wheat materials. Field monitoring of 6 Pm genes, 46 Chinese wheat cultivars and 66 foreign wheat materials in Li- cang, Dehang, Dali, Yuxi, Kunming and Zhaotang, Yunnan province had been carried out by natural identification during 2012 and 2013. The results indicated that the resistance of the 6 Pm genes had been lost gradually, decrease of the area of wheat carrying Pm8 and Pro21 is urgent. Pm2 ,Pm4a ,Pm4b and Pm2 ＋ 6 should be used rationally. The resistance level of Chinese wheat commercial cultivars is very low. Among 46 cultivars, none of which showed resistant at 6 sites during the two years in Yunnan, 6 cultivars showed susceptible only at one site, 18 cultivars showed susceptible at 2 sites, 22 cultivars showed susceptible at 3 sites. Among 66 foreign wheat materials, only Hybrid 46 and Heines Kolben showed resistant at 6 sites during the 2 years in Yunnan, which indicated stable resistant. Seven materials showed sus-ceptible only at 1 site, 29 materials showed susceptible at 2 sites, 28 materials showed susceptible at 3 sites. Those results indicated the lack of resistance sources and cultivars in China at present. Looking for new resistance sources and breeding new resistance cuhivars are very urgent. The pressing matter of the moment is strengthening monitoring and emergency control, to ensure wheat security.