基于第二次冰川编目数据的中国冰川高度结构特征分析

Altitude structure characteristics of the glaciers in China based on the Second Chinese Glacier Inventory

主要基于第二次中国冰川编目数据,计算和分析中国西部各个山脉冰川面积随高度分布特征、冰川平衡线高度场的分布规律和积累区比率的分布特征。结果表明:(1)各个山脉冰川面积随高度分布呈近似正态分布,冰川最大面积所占总面积的百分比与冰川分布高度差的比值可以作为描述冰川面积随高度分布的形状参数;(2)平衡线高度的分布特征受气候和地形影响,由南向北逐渐降低,由东向西逐渐升高;西北和南部高大山脉边缘比较密集,青藏高原内部比较稀疏。(3)冰川积累区比率的分布特征与水汽、地形和物理冰川属性有关。各大山脉外侧和海洋型冰川区积累区比率较小(<0.5),山脉内侧及高原内陆地区和极大陆型冰川区的积累区比率较大(>0.7)。

According to the Second Chinese Glacier Inventory （SCGI）, Distribution of Glacier at Different Altitudes （DGDA）, the Equilibrium Line Altitude （ELA） field and the Accumulation Area Ratio （AAR） in different mountains of western China were calculated and discussed systematically. The results show that： （1） The DGDA presents a pattern of normal distribution, the ratio of the percentage that the largest glacier area accounted for the total area to altitude difference of the glacier distribution can be used as the morphological parameters to delineate the character of the DGDA. （2） The ELA, affected by climate and topography, gradually decreases from south to north, and increases from east to west. Additionally, the ELA of the northwest and southern edges of the high mountains is more intensive than that of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. （3） The distribution of the AAR is related to the water vapor and topography. The AAR of the mountain exterior side and marine type glacier region is lower than 0.5, while that of the mountain interior side, the Tibetan Plateau inland and maximal continental glacier region is higher than 0.7.