2015年四川省遂宁市船山区麻疹流行特征分析

Epidemiological Characteristics of Measles in Chuanshan District of Suining City in 2015

目的了解四川省遂宁市船山区2015年麻疹的发病情况以及流行特点,为制定船山区预防和控制麻疹策略提供参考。方法使用描述流行病学方法对船山区2015年报告的麻疹病例进行分析。结果船山区2015年共诊断麻疹225例,2015年度报告发病率为31.4/10万;发病年龄主要集中在2岁以下儿童,报告发病176例,占发病总数的78.2%;职业分布前3位的为散居儿童180例(80%),学生13例(5.8%),幼托儿童、农民各8例(3.6%);发病时间主要集中在1-4月,占报告病例数的97.3%(219/225);病例有确切免疫史的共28例,占12.4%(28/225);外来人口106例,占报告病例数的47.1%,其中明确接种过1剂或2剂麻疹成分疫苗的14例,占外来人口数的13.2%(14/106);发病前7~21 d去过医院病例共60例,占报告病例数的26.7%(60/225)。结论免疫空白人群积累、医院暴露是2015年船山区麻疹流行的主要危险因素,应采取综合措施加强麻疹防控工作。

Objective To investigate the incidence and epidemic characteristics of measles in Chuanshan District in 2015 and provide references for developing prevention and control strategies. Methods Descriptive epidemiology was adopted to statistically analyze the data of measles in Chuanshan District in 2015. Results Two hundred and twenty five case of measles were reported in Chuanshan District in 2015. The incidence rate of measles was 31.4/100, 000. Mainly children aged below 2 were involved, accounting for 78.2% （176/ 225）. Analyzed by occupation, the top three populations affected were scattered children, students, pre- schoolers and peasants, accounting for 80% （ 180/225 ） , 5.8% （ 12/225 ） and 3.6% （8/225）, respectively. Cases occurring between January and April accounted for 97.3% （219/225）. Among the patients, 28 had a definite history of immunization, accounting for 12. 4% （28/225） ; 106 （47.1%） were migrants and, among them, 14 had accepted one or two doses of measles containing vaccine, accounting for 13.2% （14/ 106）. Sixty patients had visited hospitals 7 -21 d before onset, accounting for 26.7% （60/225） of the reported figure. Conclusion Increase of the unimmunized population and hospital exposure were the primary risk factors for District in 2015 taken to enhance prevalence of measles in Chuanshan Comprehensive measures should be prevention and control of measles