学前残疾儿童父母亲职压力现状、特点及影响因素

Actuality,Characteristics and Influencing Factors in Parenting Stress of Pre-school Children with Disabilities

采用《学前残疾儿童父母亲职压力反应问卷》、《学前残疾儿童父母亲职压力源问卷》对北京市152名学前残疾儿童家长、152名学前普通儿童家长进行测评。研究结果表明,学前残疾儿童父母亲职压力反应处于较高水平并显著高于学前普通儿童父母(t=17.348,P<0.001);学前残疾儿童父母亲职压力水平在性别、户籍地和户籍性质、儿童残疾类型因素上存在显著差异;亲职压力源中儿童问题(β=0.215,P<0.001)、父母特质(β=0.479,P<0.001)、和家庭情境(β=0.148,P<0.05)能够显著预测亲职反应压力的变异,解释率为45.9%。

This study is based on the survey of 152 parents of pre-school disabled children and 152 parents of the ordinary pre-school children through the use of the Parenting Stressors of Pre-school Disabled Children and the Questionnaire concerning Reaction on Parenting Stressors by Parents of Pre-school Disabled Children. The results show that the reaction level of parenting stress of pre-school disabled children is significantly above parents of the ordinary pre-school children（ t = 17.348,P straddling 0.001）; there are significant differences among parents of pre-school disabled children in factors like gender,place and nature of household registration and types of disabilities of the children; of the parental stressors,problem with the children（ β = 0.215,P0.001）,parental personality（ β = 0. 479,P 0. 001） and family situation（ β = 0.148,P 0. 05） can significantly predict variations in the parental stress reactions,accounting for 45.9%.