海滨城市海岸带区域生态环境时空变化特征研究——以深圳市为例

Spatial-temporal evolution characteristics of ecological environment in seashore city's coastal zone-a case in shenzhen

以深圳为例,利用1990年、2000年和2010年三个时相的TM和HJ卫星影像,开展了20 a海滨城市海岸带区域生态环境变化特征研究。结果表明:海滨城市海岸带以城市化开发为主,工业用地逐年增加,以牺牲耕地、湿地、林地、园地等正生态要素为代价,耕地、湿地是主要转移类型,分别转移了28.62%、18.99%;1990~2000年、2000年~2010年2个时段,负生态要素面积增加比率第一时期比第二时期大,工业用地累计增长率最大(1.61),交通用地最小(0.1);正生态要素向负生态要素的转移具有显著的东、西空间差异特征,自然主导正生态要素的转移第一时期主要在西海岸带,第二时期转移重心逐渐向东部转移;人工主导正生态要素的转移均集中于西部区域,耕地持续减少,园地的转移由1904.01下降至383.75hm^2;工业用地的转入,主要集中在西部海岸线沿岸和东部盐城港沿岸,湿地是主要转移类型,约1808.07 hm^2。

In this paper,the changes characteristics of seashore city＇s coastal zone of a period of 20 years was studied by using 3 phases of TM and HJ image data,which were 1990,2000,2010. The result show that： The development of seashore city mainly was urbanization with industrial land increased year by year,which was at the expense of arable land,wetland,woodland and garden land,and arable land,wetland was the main transfer types transferred 28. 62% 、18. 99%. The negative ecological elements＇ area growth rate in the 1990 to 2010 period was more than it in the 2000 to 2010 period. There,the area cumulative growth rate of industrial land was the largest（ 1. 61）,and traffic land was the least（ 0. 1）. The transferring from positive ecological elements to the negative ecological elements show prominent different between the east and the west. The natural dominant positive ecological elements＇ transferring in the first period was mainly distributed in the west coast,and the transfer center was gradually shift to the east in the second period. The transferring of artificial dominant positive ecological elements in two periods,were all concentrated in the west,and the area of arable land had keeping decreasing. However,the transferred area of garden land reduced from1904. 01 hm^2 to 383. 75 hm^2. The ecological elements transferred to industrial land was mainly distributed in the west coastline and the east Yantian port,and wetland was the main transferred type,about 1808. 07 hm^2.