胃肠激素与多囊卵巢综合征的研究探索

Research advances of gastrointestinal hormones and polycystic ovary syndrome

多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)是青春期及育龄期女性常见的一种临床综合征,主要表现为月经稀发/无排卵、卵巢多囊样表现和高雄激素血症,常伴有血脂异常、胰岛素抵抗、糖耐量受损等代谢异常,最终可导致2型糖尿病、心脑血管疾病和子宫内膜癌,严重威胁女性的健康。PCOS发病机制目前尚不明确,超过60%的PCOS患者为超重或肥胖。食欲及能量摄入的调节在体质量管理中发挥重要的作用。胃肠道是食物消化吸收的主要场所,也是人体较大的内分泌器官之一。胃、近端小肠和远端小肠上存在一类特殊的上皮细胞可以分泌胃饥饿素、胆囊收缩素、胰高血糖素样肽-1和酪酪肽等激素,这些胃肠激素参与了食欲调节的过程,故又称为"食欲调节激素"。该文着重阐述了PCOS患者胃肠激素分泌的改变及与胃肠激素相关的减重治疗。

Polycystic ovary syndrome （PCOS） is a common syndrome in adolescent women and women of reproductive age. Main manifestations are oligomenorrhea, anovulation, polycystic ovarian, and hyperandrogenism with metabolic abnormalities such as dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and glucose intolerance. PCOS can lead to type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, and endometrial cancer, which seriously threat the health of women. The pathogenesis of PCOS is not clear. Over 60% of women with PCOS are obese or overweight. Appetite and energy intake regulation plays an important role in body weight management. Nutrients are mainly digested and absorbed in gastrointestinal track, which is also one of the largest endocrine organs in human body. Special endocrine epithelial cells in stomach, proximal small intestine, and distal small intestine can secrete ghrelin, CCK, GLP-1, and PYY, which involve in the regulation of appetite and are also known as appetite regulating hormones. This review focuses on changes in the secretion of gastrointestinal hormones and related weight loss treatment in patients with PCOS.