语境思想的发展轨迹及意义观的演变

The Development Track of Contextual Theory and the Evolution of Meaning Theory

语境和意义是语用学研究的两个重要概念。语境是语言使用的环境,在研究话语意义时必须考虑语境因素。语境观的发展主要经历三个阶段:第一阶段是语境概念的提出,第二阶段涌现了不同的语境思想及语境观分类,第三阶段以动态语境观为主要特征。语用意义观的演变与语境观密不可分,意义的建构离不开对语境的理解。随着语境观的发展,意义观的发展经历了从抽象意义到语境意义、从字面意义到会话含意、从静态意义到动态意义的发展过程。

The context and the meaning are two essential concepts in pragmatics. Contexts are the environments of language use, the research on discourse meaning should take the contextual elements into consideration. The development of the contextual theory has roughly undergone three main stages, with the first stage the putting forward of the contextual concept, the second stage the emergence of various contextual theories and classifications of them, and the third stage is characterized by dynamic contextual concepts. The theory of pragmatic meaning and the contextual theory are inseparably intertwined, the construction of meaning cannot be separated from the understanding of context. With the development of the contextual theory, the meaning theory has developed from the abstract meaning to contextual meaning, the literal meaning to conversational implicature and the static meaning to dynamic meaning.