164例儿童恒牙外伤的临床分析

Clinical analysis of permanent teeth trauma in 164 children

目的回顾性分析儿童恒牙外伤的临床病历资料,总结儿童恒牙外伤发生的规律和影响预后效果的因素,并对如何避免年轻恒牙受外伤和外伤后如何处理提供正确的指导。方法选取2015年1月至2016年1月在烟台市口腔医院儿童口腔科就诊的164例恒前牙外伤患儿进行回顾性临床分析,对恒前牙进行归类分析:性别比例、年龄分布、季节分布、伤后的就诊时间、外伤原因和地点、外伤牙数和牙位分布、牙外伤类型、外伤牙的固定方法及牙根发育程度等。结果男女比例为1.56∶1,7~15岁为高发年龄,春秋季较少,夏冬季较多,大部分患儿能7 d内就诊,受伤原因主要为摔倒,其次为交通事故。室外受伤例数占83.5%(137/164),上颌牙外伤发生率明显高于下颌牙。在各种类型的外伤中,以冠折为最多见。结论社会、学校及家庭应采取防范措施,加强对儿童及青少年牙齿保健知识的普及,避免儿童摔伤、碰撞等,并注意运动时对恒前牙的保护,公众的就诊意识及保护常识仍有待提高,一旦发生牙外伤,应及早就诊接受治疗,外伤后就诊时间同预后效果密切相关。

Objective To retrospectively analyze the clinical data of permanent teeth trauma in 164 children and summarize the regularity and prognostic factors of permanent teeth trauma in children, and to provide the correct guidance on how to prevent the young permanent teeth from trauma and how to deal with after trauma. Methods The clinical data of164 children with permanent anterior teeth trauma in Yantai Stomatological Hospital from January 2015 to January 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. The classification of permanent anterior teeth was carried including sex ratio, age distribution, seasonal distribution, post-traumatic admission time, cause and location of trauma, number and location of traumatic teeth, type of dental trauma, fixed method of traumatic teeth and degree of tooth root development. Results Male and female ratio was 1.56 ∶1, 7-15 years of age was of the high incidence, which was less in spring and autumn, more in summer and winter, most of the children had treatment within 7 days, the main reason was fall, followed by traffic accidents. With 83.5%（137/164） cases in outdoor injuries, the incidence of maxillary teeth was significantly higher than the mandibular teeth. In all types of trauma, the crown fold was most common. Conclusion Society, schools and families should take preventive measures to strengthen the popularity of dental health knowledge of children and adolescents to avoid children fall, collision, etc, and pay attention to the permanent anterior teeth protection during movement. Public awareness and protection of common sense remains to be improved, once the dental trauma occurred, treatment should be taken as soon as possible, and post-traumatic treatment time is closely related with the prognosis.