ABO疑难血型鉴定的分析与报告

Analysis and report of ABO difficult blood group identification

目的研究ABO疑难血型的鉴定方法及效果,为临床输血的安全性和有效性提供重要保障。方法于2012年1月~2015年12月,在37 264份无偿献血者的血液标本中选取83份ABO疑难血型的血液标本作为研究对象,对这83份ABO疑难血型血液标本进行血清学检测,分别采用盐水试管法、聚凝胺法以及吸收放散试验对血型正、反定型进行检测,计算盐水试管法、盐水试管法+聚凝胺法、盐水试管法+聚凝胺法+吸收放散试验对血型正、反定型的符合率,并对盐水试管法检测ABO疑难血型正、反定型不符合的原因进行分析。结果 83份ABO疑难血型血液标本中,盐水试管法检测共37份标本血型正、反型符合,符合率为44.58%,盐水试管法+聚凝胺法的符合率为50.60%,盐水试管法+聚凝胺法+吸收放散试验的符合率为75.90%,三种检测方法联合检测的符合率高于单一的盐水试管法、盐水试管法+聚凝胺法(P<0.05)。盐水试管法鉴定ABO疑难血型正反型不符合的原因主要为AB亚型、弱A抗原、弱B抗原、不规则抗体阳性等。结论采用盐水试管法、聚凝胺法、吸收放散试验联合检测对ABO疑难血型进行鉴定,能够准确鉴定血型正、反型。

Objective To study the method and effect of identification of suspicious ABO blood group,to provide an important guarantee for the safety and effectiveness of clinical blood transfusion.Methods From January 2012 to December 2015,83 cases of suspicious ABO blood samples in 37 264 blood specimens of blood donors were selected as the research object,the 83 suspicious ABO blood specimens were carried out serological detection,saline tube method,Polybrene method and absorption elution test of blood group positive and negative stereotypes were detected. The coincidence rate of saline tube method,saline tube method＋Polybrene method,saline tube method＋Polybrene method＋absorption elution test of blood group positive and negative stereotypes were calculated,the inconformity reason of saline tube method in detecting suspicious ABO blood group positive and negative stereotypes was analyzed.Results In the 83 cases of suspicious ABO blood samples,a total of 37 specimens of blood samples were consistent of positive and negative, and the coincidence rate was 44.58%,the coincidence rate of saline tube method and Polybrene method was 50.60%,the coincidence rate of saline tube Polybrene method＋absorption elution test was 75.90%.The coincidence rate of combined detection of the three methods was higher than that of the single saline test tube method,the saline tube test method and the Polybrene method （P〈0.05）.The main inconformity cause of saline tube test identification of ABO blood group were the AB subtype,weak A antigen,weak B antigen,irregular antibody positive.Conclusion The saline tube method,Polybrene method,absorption elution test of combined detection of suspicious ABO blood group identification can accurately identify the positive and negative blood type.