太湖蓝藻爆发现状及继续治理措施

Current situation and countermeasures of blue-green algae outbreak in Taihu

随着流域城市化进程和社会经济持续发展,入湖污染物增加,加之围湖造田、最低水位升高和水生植被覆盖率减少等因素,富营养化加重,至1990年开始出现蓝藻爆发且日益严重,直至2007年发生严重"湖泛"引发太湖严重供水危机;随后,采用五项技术集成综合措施治理,取得较好阶段性成果,富营养化程度大幅度减轻,蓝藻爆发有一定程度减轻,但效果不明显。本研究在对太湖蓝藻爆发过程演变及治理调查研究和分析的基础上,总结太湖治理措施及经验教训,提出必须有明确的消除蓝藻爆发目标和责任制,才能加快消除蓝藻爆发步伐、真正保护好太湖,与流域社会经济发展相适应;同时提出太湖继续治理的技术集成综合措施:控源截污,分片治理,深度彻底打捞削减蓝藻、生态修复、生态调水、规模清淤和分区域治理;提出仅依靠治理富营养难以消除蓝藻爆发,且N/P比学说是理论,难以应用于实践。

With the continuous development of social economy and urbanization process, the pollutants into the lake are increased. The lake reclamation, the lowest water level increased and the coverage rate of aquatic vegetation reduction and other factors, the degree of eutrophication is increased. Blue-green algae outbreak began in 1990 and becoming more and more serious. The occurrence of serious ＂flooding＂ caused serious water crisis in Taihu; after using five technologies of integrated governance measures, good results has been achieved, greatly reduce eutrophication, algae outbreak to a certain extent reduction, but the effect is not obvious. The Taihu governance measures and experience are summarized. Target responsibility system of elimination of blue-green algae outbreak is proposed to speed up the pace of eliminating algae outbreak and adapt to the development of society and economy. Comprehensive measures to control technology integration are put forward： pollutant source control, patch management, depth of completely salvaging cyanobacteria,ecological restoration, ecological water diversion, scale dredging and regional governance. difficult to eliminate blue-green algae outbreak only by eutrophication, N/P ratio theory is in practice are put forward. Conclusions like difficult to apply