孔子与孟子生死观之比较及其当代启示

Comparison of the Views of Life and Death between Confucius and Mencius and Its Contemporary Enlightenment

孔子与孟子所开创的儒家生死观对中国文化影响深远。孟子在生死态度、生死价值和生死超越等方面都对孔子有所继承和发展。孔子侧重于从个体层面关注人之生死,而孟子则从更为广阔的社会背景来关注群体生命的死亡威胁,谋求保障生命权利所需要的政治经济环境;孔子强调用高尚的道德人格超越死亡,而孟子则进一步提出通过创造社会历史功业实现人生不朽。在大力弘扬传统文化凝聚民族精神重建民族信仰的今天,针对现代社会生死矛盾的凸显以及个体生命意义缺失、人生价值迷茫的现实,孔孟的生死思想具有极大的借鉴意义与启迪作用。

The views of life and death created by Confucius and Mencius have a profound influence on Chinese culture. Mencius had inherited and developed Confucius in the attitude of life and death, the value of life and death and the transcendence of life and death. Confucius focused on life and death from individual perspective, but Men- cius focused on life groups＇ death threats in a broader social context and pursued the political and economic environ- ment for the protection of life rights. Confucius emphasized to transcend death with noble moral personality, but Mencius further proposed to realize life immortality by creating social and historical achievements. The modem soci- ety vigorously carries forward the traditional culture, embodies national spirit, and reconstructs national faith. The thoughts of Confucius and Mencius are of great importance and inspiration, aimed at the facts about the obvious so- cial contradictions of life and death, the lack of individual life meaning, and the confused life value.