“三亲试管婴儿”技术的伦理学思考

Ethical Consideration about the Technology of "Three-parent Test Tube Baby"

"三亲试管婴儿"技术作为解决线粒体遗传病的重要技术,自面世以来就引起了诸多伦理学争议:冲击传统的家庭观念,存在未知的风险,合理处置失败胚胎的方法存在争议,以及试管婴儿的社会地位是否有影响等。对于这些争议,可以从多个角度进行辩护:因伦理学的发展落后于科技进步,应肯定"三亲试管婴儿"技术的价值;在尊重传统观念的同时也可兼顾科技的发展;在实践中严格的监管制度以及规范的应用体系体现的恰是对生命的尊重;对未知事物的不了解应该成为探讨的动力;正视对"三亲试管婴儿"技术的恐惧,从而加强研究,加深了解。基于以上辩护,提出了"三亲试管婴儿技术"发展应遵循的伦理学原则,即尊重、有利、不伤害、公正。

Three-parent test tube baby technology is important to solve the mitochondrial genetic disease.Once available,it raises greatly ethical controversy such as breaking traditional family values,hitting the religious belief,existing unknown risks,correctly handling the failed embryo,as well as the influence on the social status of the babies.Regarding these controversy,we can discuss it from several aspects.Because the development of ethics is behind the progress of science and technology,we should affirm the value of three-parent test tube baby technology and balance the development of science and technology with respecting the religious beliefs.Strict supervision system and standard application system reflect our respect for life.Incomprehension to the unknown things should become the motivation of our inquiry.We should face up to our fear of three-parent test tube baby technology,and thus to strengthen research and deepen understanding.Based on the above argument,this paper puts forward the ethical principles that should be followed in the development of three-parent test tube baby technology,namely respect,benefit,no harm and justice.