雌核发育翘嘴鲌胚胎发育和形态特征的研究

Study on morphological characteristics and embryonic development of the gynogenesis top mouth culter(Culter alburnus)

在成功获得翘嘴鲌减数分裂型雌核发育鱼的基础上,观察比较了雌核发育胚胎与单倍体胚胎和普通胚胎的发育特征及时序差异,探讨了冷休克处理对胚胎发育的影响及完善雌核发育胚胎孵化管理的措施,并对雌核发育翘嘴鲌成鱼进行了形态学特征分析。结果表明:(1)与普通胚胎相比,雌核发育胚胎受精率较低且仔鱼畸形率较高,单倍体孵化率极低。(2)雌核发育组胚胎出现不规则细胞分裂、卵膜破裂、卵黄囊凝集及单倍体综合征等现象,其中原肠期和出膜前期为胚胎死亡高峰期。(3)雌核发育二倍体与普通胚胎的发育特征相似,卵裂至原肠期阶段发育特别缓慢,原肠期以后,各期发育所用时间与普通胚胎基本相同;单倍体胚胎卵裂开始至囊胚阶段,发育速度与普通胚胎无明显差异,在原肠期阶段发育滞后,其他时期一直处于缓慢状态,仔鱼具有明显的单倍体综合症。(4)雌核发育系体型较普通翘嘴鲌已经发生了一定的变化。

The study was based on the successful meiogynogenetic top mouth culter（ Culter alburnus）. We observed the embryonic development characteristics and timing differences of gynogenetic diploid and haploid,and compared with normal diploid,in order to investigate the influences of cold-shocking of the eggs in C.alburnus and improve management measures of gynogenetic embryo hatching. Also we analysed morphological characteristics of the adult gynogenesis C. alburnus. The results showed that：（ 1） Compared with normal embryos,the fertilization rate of gynogenetic embryos was lower while the deformity rate was higher. The haploid embryos hatching rate of haploids was lower.（ 2） Gynogenetic embryos displayed anomalous cells,dissolved yolk sacs,eggs membrane rupture,and haploid syndrome by cold-shocking. The death peak appeared in gustrula stage and prehatching stage for each group.（ 3） The developmental characteristics of gynogenetic diploids were similar to normal embryos,and gynogenetic embryos developed slowly especially from the beginning of cleavage to gustrula stage. But after the gustrula stage,the development rate was the same as the normal diploid. From the beginning of cleavage to blastula stage,the growth rate of haploid was the same as the normal embryos. But at gastrula stage,it was slower. Other developmental stages were always slow. The haploid syndrome was observed in the haploid larvae.（ 4） Gynogenesis group had variation characteristics.