不同施工机械碾压下矿区复垦土壤物理性质的变化

Effect of Different Machinery and Compaction on the Physical Property of Reclamation Soil in Coal Area

以国家自然科学基金为依托建立模拟实验区,探究不同施工机械和碾压次数下的土壤物理指标(压实度、容重、孔隙度、含水量、电导率和温度)的变化。研究结果表明:随土层深度的增加,压实度、容重和电导率逐渐递增,孔隙度、含水量和温度逐渐递减;随碾压次数的增加,压实度和容重逐渐递增,孔隙度逐渐递减,土壤含水量、电导率和温度先增加后降低,其中使用自卸汽车时,3次碾压指标值最高,使用履带式推土机时,5次碾压指标值最高,而使用履带式推土机的处理效果要好于使用自卸汽车;通过对各处理与对照间的拟合度分析发现,使用履带式推土机碾压5次的土壤中各指标与对照拟合度最高,表明采用"履带式推土机×碾压5次"的组合,复垦土壤中物理性质与正常土壤最为接近。

This experiment sets up a simulative experiment area based on the national natural science fund, in order to explore changes of soil physical indexes （compactness, bulk density, porosity, moisture content, conductivity and temperature） under different construction machineries and compaction times. The results show that： the soil compactness, bulk density and conductivity have a trend of increasing with the increase of soil depth, while porosity, moisture content and water have a trend of decreasing with the increase of soil depth. The compactness and bulk density increase, porosity decreases and moisture content, conductivity and temperature increase first and decrease afterward with the increase of compaction times, and the index value are highest at 3 times compaction when using a dump truck, similarly, those are highest at 5 times compaction when using a crawler dozer. Besides, the treatment effect is better when using the crawler dozer. By analyzing the fitting degree between the processing and the control, the fitting degree is highest when using the crawler dozer to compact 5 times, and this shows that adopting the combination of ＂crawler dozer× 5 times compaction＂, the soil physical properties is closest to the normal soil.