青藏公路沿线生活饮用水卫生学检测及风险评估

Hygiene inspection and risk assessment in drinking water along Qinghai-Tibet Highway

目的通过对青藏公路沿线生活饮用水的卫生学检测分析和风险评估,了解掌握饮用水卫生状况,为饮用水安全管理工作提供科学依据和技术支撑。方法现场查看水源基本情况并收集水样56份,按照国标方法对样品的理化和微生物学指标进行检测评价,并对危害因素进行风险评估。结果所检测的56份水样总合格率为75.0%;在不合格水样中,总大肠茵群、茵落总数、硫酸盐和浑浊度均超标为7份(12.5%),其次是氯化物超标6份(10.7%);在检测水样的超标项目中,总大肠菌群、茵落总数、浑浊度以及硫酸盐超标次数最多,每项分别占总超标次数的13.2%;不同水源类型之间合格率无明显差异;影响青藏公路沿线生活饮用水的主要风险因素为总大肠茵群、茵落总数、浑浊度、氯化物和硫酸盐。结论青藏公路沿线生活饮用水水质卫生合格率偏低,微生物和氯化物是主要风险因素,应加强水质消毒并完善水处理措施,保障青藏公路沿线村民生活饮用水的安全。

Objective To analyze and assess the risks to the hygiene of drinking water in rural areas along the QinghaiTibet Highway and provide technical support for ensuring the safety of rural drinking water.Methods A total of 56 samples of water were collected.The physicochemical and microbiological indexes were determined by national standards and harm factors were evaluated.Results In the total of 56 examined samples of water source,the total qualified rate was 75.0%.Of the unqualified water source samples,seven exceeded the standard in the total number of coliform,aerobic plate count,sulfate and turbidity,which made up 12.5%,and six samples exceeded the standard for chloride and accounted of10.7%.In the substandard samples,the total number of coliform,aerobicplate count,the turbidity and sulfate accounted for 13.2%.There was no evident difference in the qualified rate between different water sources.The main factors that had effect on water quality were the total number of coliform,aerobic plate count,turbidity,chloride and sulfate.Conclusion The qualified rate of drinking water is low along the Qinghai-Tibet Highway.Microorganisms and chloride are the main risk factors.Therefore,it is urgent to adopt more disinfection measures so as to guarantee the water quality for residents living along the Qinghai-Tibet Highway.