学校师徒制的价值及其转型:从规约到契约

The Value and Transformation of the School Apprenticeship:From Statute to Contract

学校师徒制是促进新教师专业发展的重要方式。由于我国中小学多以规约型师徒制为主,存在着指令性安排、刚性化制度、科层化管理和指标性考核等现实问题。与之相比,契约型师徒制在建设目标、师徒关系、指导内容、指导方式和指导效果上实现了一定的价值超越。藉此,要实现从"规约"到"契约"的学校师徒制转型,需要从目标激励、柔性管理、文化建设和主体建构等方面不断予以加强和完善。

As a training method,school apprenticeship plays an important part in promoting professional development of green-hand teachers,while generally in the primary and secondary schools in China,the school apprenticeship is statute-oriented,remaining some practical problems which is undeniable,such as too much mandatory arrangement,the rigidity of the system,bureaucratic management and index evaluation.In contrast,the contract-oriented apprenticeship presents a great valuable superiority in the construction of school goals,mentoring relationship,choice of guiding content,the guidance methods and effect.In short,to achieve the school apprenticeship transformation from the statute to the contract,strengthening target excitation pattern,implementing flexible management,improving cultural construction and subject building and some other urgent measures should be taken into consideration.