16世纪英国煤矿产权变化及其对煤炭工业发展的影响——以纽卡斯尔煤矿产权变化为例

Ownership Changes of British Coal Mines in the 16th Century and the Impact on the Development of Coal Industry:A Case Study of the Ownership Changes of Newcastle Coal Mines

16世纪英国煤矿产权经历了一次由修道院到国王的大变革,对英国煤炭工业的发展产生了重要的影响。纽卡斯尔是英国重要的煤炭工业城市、最大的煤炭港口,在工业革命以前这里曾长期是英国最大的煤炭产地。这里的煤矿产权变革具有很强的代表性。煤矿产权由修道院掌握到收归国王所有这一实质性的产权变革,使得原先的产量限制得以取消,而且降低了租金,致使大量资本得以进入煤炭工业,由此促进了17世纪英国煤炭工业的飞速发展,并为此后英国工业革命的到来在能源上做了准备。

In the 16th century, British coal mine ownership underwent a big change from the monastery to the King, This change had a significant impact on the development of coal industry. Newcastle was an important coal industry city in Britain and also the biggest coal port. Before the Industrial Revolution, Newcastle was the largest coal producing area in Britain. The change in the pattern of its coal mine ownership was very typical. The substantial ownership change had the previous output limitation canceled and the rent reduced. A lot of capital entered the coal industry, thus promoting the rapid development of the British coal industry in the 17th century and preparing energy for the Industrial Revolution.