是三方协商一致,还是美方决定?——1946年军事调处中有关“美方决定权”的争论

Tripartite Unanimous Agreement,or Authority for Decision by U.S. Representatives?——On the Controversy over the “Authority for Decision by U.S. Representatives” during the Military Mediation in 1946

"三方协商一致",是1946年初美国总统特使马歇尔提议、国共双方认可的调处国共冲突工作的一项核心原则。因此,任何对这一原则的重大修改必然会引起各方的激烈争论。自1946年3月底军调部美方委员提出准许给予执行小组美方成员以决定权,至同年6月底三人小组通过《解决执行小组交通小组北平军调部及长春军调分部中某些争执之条款》,国、共、美三方围绕赋予"美方决定权"的问题展开了两轮长达近3个月之久的争论。这场起初由军调部美方代表提出、继之由蒋介石挑起的重大原则争论,对于马歇尔赴华使命的成功与否、国共全面内战的缘起与结局以及中美关系的未来走向均产生了重大影响。

Tripartite unanimous agreement＂, proposed by General Marshal at the beginning of 1946 and accepted by both Kuomintang and the Communist Party, is the key principle that guiding the mediation of the military conflict between the two sides. Thus any major modification to this principle would inevitably lead to serious controversy among the three parties. From the end of March when the ＂authority for decision by U. S. representative＂ was proposed by the U. S. representative of the Ex-ecutive Headquarters to the end of June when Stipulations for the Resolution of Certain Disagreements Among the Field and Communication Teams,and Executive Headquarters in Changchun and Peiping was passed, the three sides, Kuomintang, the Communist Party and the U. S. representative took two rounds of negotiations on ＂ the authority for decision by U. S. representa-tive＂ and the quarrel lasted almost three months. This major controversy, first put forward by the U. S representative and then instigated by Chiang Kai - shek,greatly determined the fate of the Marshall Mission, the beginning and ending the Chinese Civ-il War, and the direction of Sino - U. S relationship.