殖民时代坦桑尼亚的“依附性”发展:以剑麻产业为中心的考察

“Dependent” Development of Tanzania under Colonial Rule:A Case Study on Sisal Industry

坦桑尼亚独立以前的大陆部分称坦噶尼喀,剑麻在其社会经济发展史上占有特殊的地位。坦噶尼喀剑麻产业在宗主国的主导下长期成为该国对外的支柱产品,一度发展到"黄金时期"。但是,殖民经济的"掠夺性"开发,使坦噶尼喀剑麻产业逐渐成为宗主国经济的依附性产业的同时,也使坦噶尼喀殖民地经济形成了高度的单一性。随着二战后殖民体系的瓦解和国际经济形势的变化,坦噶尼喀剑麻产业的"依附性"和"单一性"等局限性日益显现。这种畸形的"殖民遗产"被独立后的坦桑尼亚所继承下来,并对坦桑尼亚经济造成了深远的负面影响。

Mainland in Tanzania was called Tanganyika before its independence. Historically ,sisal industry, dominated by its suzerain, plays a unique role in its social and economic development. Sisal became a pillar export product in Tanganyika for a long time,once developed into the a Golden Days＂. However,it became a dependent industry upon the suzerain economy un-der the ＂ plundering exploitation＂ by the colonialism, meanwhile ,the economy structure in the colony showed high rigidity. With the change of the colonial system and international economic conditions, the nature of dependenecy and rigidity of the sisal industry was gradually revealed, while this legacy was inherited by the independent Tanzania, which had a profound negative in-fluence on the Tanzanian economy.