特殊政府继承中的时际法律冲突及其处理原则——以新视角重读“光华寮案”和联大2758号决议

The Intertemporal Conflict of Laws in Special Governmental Succession and Legal Principles Dealing with It:Reanalyzing Guanghua Dormitory Case and 2758Resolution of GA in the New Perspective

中国新旧政府的承认与继承是特殊的政府承认与继承问题,容易引发时际法律冲突。有效统治(实际控制)原则是确定政府继承权的基础;"承认溯及既往"原则适用于一般的、不存在现实的时际法律冲突;"法不溯及既往"原则适用于特殊的、存在现实的时际法律冲突。"光华寮案"中,日本地方法院和高等法院未考虑实际控制原则,日本最高法院则错误地理解和适用了"承认溯及既往"的原则。联大2758号决议达到了由新中国政府继承旧中国政府在联合国的所有地位及权利的目的,但提案措辞没有充分考虑中国政府承认与继承问题的特殊性,从而导致了法律漏洞的产生。

The recognition and succession of Chinese government is a special case,which tends to cause intertemporal conflict of laws. The effective control（ practical control） principle is fundamental to decide governmental rights of succession,the retroactivity of recognition principle applies to common case,which contains no practical conflicts,and the ＂Law of non-retroactivity＂principle applies to special and real conflicts. In the Guanghua Dormitory Case,the local and high Courts of Justice had not considered practical control,and the Supreme Court applied the retroactivity principle in a wrong way. The 2758 resolution of GA granted the new Chinese government the right of succession,but it did not take China＇s special governmental recognition and succession into consideration,which caused some legal default.