作为“他者”的历史——梅洛-庞蒂的历史观念

Thesis:History as the Other——The idea of History in Merleau-Ponty

梅洛-庞蒂立足于知觉现象学阐释历史。历史在人的意识和行为参与过程中生成,构建含混的敞开的意义世界,它并非对立于人的客体,而形同有其身体、行动方向和内在逻辑的他者。历史于个体,是"不可见"的异己存在,但始终与个体发生即时的内在性关联,因此作为他者的历史否定了"唯我论",揭示了历史与人之间主体间性的蕴涵。同时,梅洛-庞蒂的现象学强调主体间性以及自然与社会世界,因此他对马克思主义的关注和评论,并未离开他意在消解导致历史沦为"物"并漠视人与人关系本身的主客二元模式的尝试。

Merleau-Ponty interpreted history in view of his phenomenology of perception. History is becoming itself in theparticipation of consciousness and behaviors of human beings, with an ambiguous and open world of meaning to be construc-ted. In this sense, history seems to be the Other which possesses a body, a direction of process and an inherent logic, rath-er than to be an object split from the human being. As an alien being, history is invisible for individuals, but always associ-ates with them immanently and instantly. Therefore, history that appears to be the Other has challenged the solipsism, anddisclosed a sort of inter-subjectivity between history and human beings. Meanwhile, based on his phenomenology stressingthe inter-subjectivity as well as natural and social world, Merleau-Ponty’s concerns and remarks on Maxism could be con-sidered as his attempt to dissolve the dualism, which has reduced the history to an object and neglected the connections a-mong individuals themselves.