语言、心灵与世界:论普特南实在论的发展

Language, Mind and World: On the Development of Hilary Putnam's Theory of Realism

希拉里·普特南在当代西方哲学舞台上一直以思想"嬗变"闻名。他以科学实在论立场走向哲学舞台,中期拒绝了形而上学实在论并接受了内在实在论并把它发展成为其代表性学说,但他最终与之决裂而转向具有实用主义特征的常识实在论。文章探讨了普特南哲学思想的核心要素即实在论的不同形式,以一条清晰并富有层次的线索分析了普特南在不同时期拒斥和接受不同实在论的原因和影响。文章认为普特南的内在实在论和常识实在论更亲密一些,二者都是他企图在形而上学与相对主义之间寻求的一种中间路线,并得出他哲学思考的主题是语言、心灵与世界关系的结论。

Hilary Putnam, a giant of philosophy in USA, is famous for his “frequent changes” on the stage of contemporaryWestern philosophy. He started his philosophical career on a scientific realist position. However, he rejected metaphysicalrealism later and embraced an internal realism that he is famous for but was finally given up. He moved his position to acommon sense realism with pragmatic features. The paper illustrated different forms of realism----the core element of Put-nam’s philosophy, analyzed the causes and impacts of such theories of realism with a clear and hierarchical developmenttrail of Putnam’s realism. His internal realism is closer to common sense realism, either of which is a middle route Putnamseeks to find between metaphysics and relativism. In conclusion, the main theme of his philosophy is the relations amonglanguage, mind and world.