古希腊城市水利发展探析

The Development of Urban Hydraulic Works in Ancient Greece

希腊地处相对干旱地带,水资源的缺乏使古希腊从克里特文明时期就出现了较为系统的城市水利设施。随着文明的演进,城市水利也在不断发展,既与自然地理环境相适应,又随政治社会变革而变化。历经古风古典时代,到希腊化时期,水利技术已达到相当发达的程度。古希腊的城市水利不仅具有最基本的给排水功能,还兼具改善健康、美化城市的作用,而且为居民提公共空间,成为社会生活的一个组成部分。城市水利还影响着城市行政管理、引发智者的思考,推动着古希腊人对自然的认识。

Ancient Greece, which located in an arid region, started to systematically build urban hydraulic works since theBronze Age. With the development of civilization, the urban hydraulic works grew correspondingly, which not only revealedancient Greece’s geographical features but also were influenced by its political and social factors. From the archaic periodto Hellenistic Age, the hydraulic technology reached its peak at that time. It had the basic water supply and drainage sys-tem which had positive influence over the healthy condition of its citizens and the beautification of the city. In addition, thesystem provided public space to its citizens, which gradually became an indispensable part of social life. Moreover, the ur-ban hydraulic system also influenced the city administrative system, which helped the wise men to think over and push for-ward the ancient Greeks understanding of nature.