南疆红枣产区枣疯病发生现状及主导因子分析

Damage caused by jujube witches' broom and factors of influence at jujube growing areas in southern Xinjiang

【目的】枣疯病是枣树生产中的毁灭性病害。研究南疆枣疯病发生危害现状及主导因子,可为该病的预测预报和防治提供依据。【方法】连续4年对新疆阿克苏地区、喀什地区枣疯病发生情况进行调查及分子检测,并分析了种植模式与管理水平、枣树品种与种植年限、传播方式等因素对枣疯病发生的影响。【结果】目前,新疆南疆红枣产区枣疯病尚属零星、团簇状分布。嫁接育苗是多数枣产区病园内苗期和幼树发病以及病害从病区传入无病区的主要原因,酸枣实生苗也是不可忽视的病害侵染来源。不同枣树品种对枣疯病的田间抗性表现出一定的差异。利用巢氏PCR检测及TaqMan探针实时荧光定量PCR检测技术对田间样品的检测结果显示,病园内存在着比例不等的无症带菌植株。【结论】无症带菌苗的人为传播是导致南疆地区枣疯病发生和流行的主导因素。

【 Aim】 Jujube ＂ witches＇ broom is an destructive disease in the production of jujube （ Mill.）. The major ob-jective was to investigate the damage status of jujube witches^ broom, associated with phytoplasmas and factors of influence at differ-ent jujube growing areas in southern Xinjiang.【 Method】A detailed field survey of jujube witches＇ broom was conducted at different jujube growing areas in Akesu and Kashi regions of southern Xinjiang over four years, and the effects of factors such as planting pat-tern, management level, jujube variety, planting years and transmission mode on jujube witches＇ broom were analyzed.【 Result】 The results showed that jujube witches＇ broom was spread in a sporadic and clustered way in southern Xinjiang. The wide utilization of grafted seedlings carrying phytoplasmas had spread the disease within orchards and also from diseased areas to disease-free ones. Wild jujube （Z. spinosus Hu） seedlings as important primar^^ sources of the disease, should not be neglected. Differences in field re-sistance to jujube witches＇ broom disease were detected. Nested polymerase chain reaction （Nested PCR） and TaqMan probe real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR revealed that there were different proportions of symptomless carrier plants （ latent infection） in diseased gardens. 【 Conclusion】 The asymptomatic germ-carrying sapling spread disease by human-caused is the dominant factor in the occurrence and epidemic of this disease in southern Xinjiang.