矿区家庭谷物和豆类重金属含量特征及风险评价

Heavy metal content characteristics and risk assessment of household cereal and beans from mining areas

为了解西南某矿区周边家庭谷物和豆类中重金属污染状况及其存在的健康风险,选择矿区周边3个村庄,采集家庭谷物和豆类样品179份分析重金属Pb、Cr、Cd、As、Hg的含量.利用内梅罗综合污染指数对谷物和豆类样品的污染状况进行评价,同时采用目标危害熵法(Target Hazard Quotient)评价了食用谷物和豆类对成人构成的潜在健康风险.结果表明,3个村庄大米中Pb、Cr、Cd、As、Hg的含量范围分别是:0.01~0.67mg/kg、0.01~1.50mg/kg、0.02~3.05mg/kg、0.04~0.20mg/kg、0.15~63.27μg/kg,其中Cd污染较严重,超标率为70.4%,A村、B村、C村大米中Cd的平均含量分别是食品污染物限量标准的3.0、1.3、3.8倍;黄豆中Pb、Cr、Cd、As、Hg的含量范围分别是:0.11~0.85mg/kg、0.03~1.05mg/kg、0.01~1.02mg/kg、0.01~0.20mg/kg、0.15~24.22μg/kg,其中Pb和Cd含量较高,超标率为97.4%和74.4%,A村、B村、C村黄豆中Pb的平均含量分别是食品污染物限量标准的2.5、2.0、2.5倍,黄豆中Cd的平均含量分别是食品污染物限量标准的1.8、1.8、1.5倍;玉米中Pb、Cr、Cd、As、Hg的含量范围分别是:0.08~0.49mg/kg、0.03~0.77mg/kg、0.003~0.27mg/kg、0.01~0.16mg/kg、0.15~16.10μg/kg,其中Pb污染较严重,超标率为52.0%,A村、B村玉米中Pb的平均含量分别是食品污染物限量标准的1.0、1.3倍.综合污染指数显示:A村和B村玉米处于警戒线水平,A村和C村大米达到中度污染水平,其他均为较轻污染.健康风险评估结果表明,通过食用大米对3个村庄成人存在潜在健康风险,主要来源于Cr、Cd和As的贡献.

A total of 179 cereal and beans samples from three villages around a mining area in Southwest China were collected to evaluate the pollution and health risk of heavy metals by the consumption of cereal and beans. Heavy metals including Pb, Cr, Cd, As and Hg in samples were analyzed. The Nemerow composite pollution index was applied to evaluate the quality of the cereal and beans. The Target Hazard Quotient was used to assess the potential health risks of heavy metals to adults via the consumption of cereal and beans in the mining area. The results indicated that the concentrations of Pb, Cr, Cd, As and Hg in rice samples were 0.01~0.67mg/kg, 0.01~1.50mg/kg, 0.02~3.05mg/kg, 0.04~0.20mg/kg, and 0.15~63.27μg/kg, respectively. The pollution of Cd in rice samples was more serious than other heavy metals, which showed the exceeded standard rate of 70.4%. The mean concentrations of Cd in rice samples from A, B and C villages were 3.0, 1.3 and 3.8 times higher than the limitation value in foods. The concentrations of Pb, Cr, Cd, As and Hg in soybean samples were 0.11~0.85mg/kg, 0.03~1.05mg/kg, 0.01~1.02mg/kg, 0.01~0.20mg/kg, and 0.15~24.22μg/kg, respectively. The pollution of Pb and Cd in soybean samples were more serious than other heavy metals, with the exceeded standard rate of 97.4% and 74.4%, respectively. The mean concentrations of Pb in soybean samples from A, B and C villages were 2.5, 2.0 and 2.5times higher than the limitation value in foods. And the mean concentrations of Cd in soybean samples from A, B and C villages were 1.8, 1.8 and 1.5times higher than the limitation value in foods. The concentrations of Pb, Cr, Cd, As and Hg in corn samples were 0.08~0.49mg/kg, 0.03~0.77mg/kg, 0.003~0.27mg/kg, 0.01~0.16mg/kg, and 0.15~16.10μg/kg, respectively. Among the five metal, Pb had the highest exceeded standard rate of 52.0%. The mean concentrations of Pb in corn samples from A and B villages were 1.0 and 1.3 times higher than the limitation value in foods. The composite pollution index indicated that heavy metal pollution of corn in A and B villages were at risk level, while rice in A and C villages were moderately contaminated, and others are slightly contaminated. Health risk assessment showed that the risk to adults via consumption of rice in three villages were mainly contributed by Cr, Cd and As.