基于CO_2和大气污染物排放征税分析的区域电力系统优化

Regional power system optimization based on analysis of levying taxes on CO_2 and atmospheric pollutants emission

为了优化电力系统并促进节能减排,将不确定性优化方法与区域电力系统模型相结合进行电力系统规划:以系统成本最小化作为目标函数;参考国家相关政策与标准设置资源量、电力供需平衡、排放限值等约束;对各发电技术发电量、外购电量、CO_2及大气污染物排放总量进行最优化;为了探讨征收排放税的减排效果以及可行性,设置对电力系统征收大气污染物排放税和碳税进行相应的情景分析.研究以淄博市作为实例,在淄博的电力系统规划中,情景1中违反系统约束概率的增大会使最优火力发电量增加,在3个情景中,清洁能源发电量均能达到占总电力需求量10%的目标;而外购电将主要作为保证电力系统安全平稳运行的补充;情景1中违反系统约束概率为0时SO_2,NO_x和烟尘的排放限值在所有情景中为最低,即淄博市现行的排放限值标准将会得到更好的减排效果,并且其他情景下的系统成本将显著增加.因此,基于对淄博市的案例研究结果可知,对于电力系统征收排放税并不具有必要性.

In order to optimize the power system and promote energy conservation and emission reduction, an inexact optimization method was combined with the regional power system model for the power system planning： to minimize the system cost as the objective function; to set up the resource quantity, the power supply and demand balance, and the emission caps as constraints refer to the relevant national policies and standards; to optimize the power generation quantity, purchased electricity, the total amount of CO_2 and air pollutant emission; in order to explore the effect of emission reductions and the feasibility of levying taxes, the corresponding scenario analysis for levying emission taxes on air pollutants and carbon would be set up. The research took Zibo City as a case study, with the increasing probability of violating system constraints, the optimized thermal power generation quantity would increase, the renewable power generation quantity would achieve the goals of 10% total electricity consumption in 3scenarios. Moreover, the purchased electricity would be the complementary power form for the power system; the emission caps of SO_2, NO_x and PM under the default probability of 0 in scenario 1 would be the best among all scenarios. It denotes that the current standard implemented by Zibo would obtain better results, and the results of total cost in scenarios 2 and 3 would increase significantly. Therefore, based on the case study of Zibo City, levying emission taxes on power system maybe unnecessary.