“生活流”与“意识流”——对新时期小说文体特征的研究

life stream and consciousness stream on the characteristics of the writing type of the novel in the new period

我国新时期小说创作呈现出两种新的独立的文学叙述方式与结构方式,一种是“意识流”,一种是“生活流”。“意识流”遵守的不一定是线性的“顺序”时间,它常常是跳跃的、逆时的、散乱的、交叉性的,打破了因果论、逻辑阐释的时空基础,是对人心灵隐秘的一种原生状态的如实呈现。由于意识形态的原因,我国的“意识流”创作被单纯地看做一种技巧而浅尝辄止,没有深入发展。所谓“生活流”小说创作同样是在结构原则上疏解“情节结构”对世界武断、封闭的阐释,以纪实的态度,还原生活本相,破解单一观念对世界的注释,以开放性的文本提供解读世界的多种可能。但是,在“生活流”小说创作中,由于知识分子放弃了干预生活的努力,从积极的人文立场上退却,一种极端世俗主义、物质主义和功利主义的精神倾向在滋生蔓延、膨胀,足以引起人们的警惕。

Compared with the traditional plot structure,there are two kinds of new independent literature narrative way and structure way of the novel existed of our country in the new period,one is stream of consciousness,one is the life stream.Streams of consciousness observe the time order uncertainly.It broke down the space-time foundation of the cause and effect theory and the logical explaination.Because of the reason of ideology,the creation of the'stream of consciousness'has not deepened development in our country.So-called'life stream'novel,explain the notes to the world in a single idea,offer many kinds of possibilities that explain and understand the world with open text.However,during the creation of life stream,we must watch out for the multiplication of the inclination to the utilitarianism,materialism,etc.