TET酶及其中间产物的研究进展

Progress in TET enzymes and their intermediate products

DNA甲基化的形式主要包括以下3种：5-甲基胞嘧啶（5mC）、N6-甲基嘌呤（N6mA）以及7-甲基鸟嘌呤（7mG）[1].目前,研究得最为广泛也最为透彻的就是主要存在于CpG岛中胞嘧啶的甲基化修饰,即5 mC.在哺乳动物基因组中大约有70%-80%的CpG岛区域的胞嘧啶存在甲基化修饰[2].而CpG岛的甲基化是基因沉默的一个重要标志,在调控基因表达过程中发挥着至关重要的作用.

DNA methylation is an important epigenetic modification mode , which plays a crucial role in gene expression , genome stability and development .DNA methylation is catalyzed and maintained in cell proliferation by the family of DNA methyltransferases.The ten-eleven translocation （TET） enzymes oxidize 5-methylcytosine （5mC） to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine （5hmC）, 5-formylcytosine （5fC）, and 5-carboxylcytosine （5caC）.Here, we briefly describe the TET enzymes and their role in cancer , and the distribution , the role and detection method of those three oxidation products of cytosine in genome .