地方立法抵触标准的反思与判定

The Standard and Judge of Contraventions Between Local Legislation and Central Legislation

《立法法》中规定下位法不得与上位法相抵触,该规定是指导立法的重要原则,但是学界对于抵触的标准并没有讨论清楚。目前学界关于抵触的界定有三种观点:观点一,超出立法权限即构成抵触;观点二,与上位法具体规定相违背即为抵触;观点三,与上位法的立法精神和原则相违背即构成抵触。学界主流对前两种观点的认可值得质疑,政治、经济、文化、社会四个领域的立法实践,证明观点三才是抵触的真正标准。逐条列举抵触情形判定是否抵触的方法,存在例外情况,且难免挂一漏万,不宜作为判定抵触的方法应被否定,最佳方法是通过立法精神和目的来判定地方立法是否抵触。

According to the stipulations of ＂Legislative law＂, lower rank norm can not conflict with the higher rank norm, which is an important principle of legislation.However, scholars did not reach a clear and common understand on the true meaning of law contravention.They have three different views on this issue： any legislation authority overstepping by the lower rank norm is law contravention;law contravention means the lower rank norm violate the specifics of higher rank norm;law contravention means the lower rank norm violate the spirit or principle of the higher rank norm.From the perspective of politics, economy, culture and society, this article analyzes these three opinions and justifies the third one as the only right answer.It denies the way of listing comes up with a new way which uses the principle to judge law contravention.