流动人口的“被歧视”问题研究——基于一项对北京城中村的调查

A Study on the Floating Population's Perceived Discrimination——Based on the Survey of Urban Village in Beijing

基于一项对北京城中村流动人口的问卷调查数据,分析流动人口在工作生活中"被歧视"的现状及其影响因素。研究表明:劳动获得较低、有拖欠工资等经历的流动人口更易感到"被歧视";签订劳动合同但实际劳动过程中难以保障的流动人口反而容易感到"被歧视";城市生活年限越长,流动人口越容易感受到"被歧视",与本地人交往增多并不会对"被歧视"弱化产生显著影响;与传统媒介相比,生活中使用互联网的流动人口不易感到"被歧视"。可以看出,在当前的特大城市北京,脱离流动人口自身能力品质的歧视问题依然存在。一方面,保障社会报酬非差别性获得的制度完善依然重要;另一方面,通过改善"非表层"的社会交往关系、使用大众传媒等方式推进流动人口融入城市,是在制度完善之外解决歧视问题的重要路径。

Based on a survey data towards urban village of the floating population in Beijing, this paper analyzes the influence factors on perceived discrimination of the floating population in work. The floating population with relative low labor reward and the experiences of wage arrears are more likely to have a sense of perceived discrimination. Although labor security has significant impact, the difficulty to protect the labor contract is more likely to have a sense of perceived discrimination. With the growth of urban living time, the floating population is more likely to feel discriminated,and perceived discrimination would not be attenuated by socializing with the natives. Comparing with traditional media, the floating population using internet in daily life is not easy to feel discriminated. In the metropolis such as Beijing, discrimination irrelevant to abilities and characteristics of the floating population still exists. It is still important to ensure the system of social remuneration with equal access. Besides system perfection, a critical path to eliminate discrimination is to expedite the progress of the floating population’s city integration by the promotion of the non-surface relationships of social communication and the use of mass media.