生物质发酵制乙醇过程中消除抑制研究进展

Elimination of inhibition factors in biomass-derived ethanol production

生物质发酵制乙醇是新能源开发利用的热点,但发酵过程受到各种因素的抑制,致使其经济性下降。本文中,笔者分析了基质引起的高渗透压抑制,副产物引起的酵母细胞内环境酸化、能量代谢异常和产物乙醇对酵母细胞膜、关键代谢酶活性的抑制原因。依据各抑制机制,归纳综述了近年来消除抑制的方法,包括添加外源物质提高酵母耐受力、水解液脱毒、乙醇发酵耦合产物分离和优育菌种。展望了发酵过程抑制控制的研究发展方向,以期对其工业应用提供参考。

Biomass-derived ethanol production is the focus of the new energy industry. As the process is inhibited by various factors,such as high osmotic pressure caused by matrix,cytoplasmic acidication and abnormal energy metabolism caused by by-products,and damaging selective permeability of the cell membrane and lowering activity of key metabolic enzymes caused by ethanol. The cost of ethanol production from lignocellulosic biomass is high. This review summarizes the inhibition mechanism should be thoroughly studied. The methods of eliminating inhibitory factors,including adding exogenous substances to increase yeast tolerance,detoxification of hydrolysate,fermentation coupled with product separation,and cultivating strains with good inhibitory resistance.Finally,we indicate research direction of inhibition elimination for future industrial applications.