福建省乡镇儿童用药现状调查与分析

Investigation and Analysis for Drug Use of Children in the Township Area of Fujian Province

目的:为乡镇儿童相关的公共卫生政策的研究及制定提供参考。方法:采用问卷调查法,以福建省部分乡镇儿童家长为对象就当地儿童用药现状进行调查和分析。结果:共发放问卷986份,回收有效问卷969份,有效回收率为98.28%。受访者总体文化程度不高,初中及以下学历者占54.49%。绝大部分受访者表示给儿童用药时曾遇到麻烦或困难,选择频率达97.85%,其中,因药物口感或剂型造成儿童不配合用药的选择频率为17.91%,"没有儿童专用药品或儿童专用药品可选品种过少"的选择频率为17.91%,"不确定儿童的准确用药剂量"的选择频率为17.71%;儿童患常见病时,近半数受访者会选择卫生院(室)就诊,占42.83%;对于第一次给儿童服用某药物前是否会阅读说明书,50.26%的受访者表示只是偶尔会看,同时,有16.49%的受访者表示完全看不懂说明书。对于是否会主动了解儿童用药知识,选择"会主动了解且有了解渠道""想了解但无了解渠道""有机会接触就顺便了解"的比例分别为37.67%、22.19%、36.12%;对于"是否知道儿童用药有年龄及体质量差异问题",选择"知道""了解一些"的比例分别为28.48%、52.73%;对于"最想得到的儿童用药教育渠道",选择医师的频率为39.64%,选择药师的频率为33.77%。随着文化程度的提升,受访者对儿童用药知识的关注程度、对儿童用药差异的了解程度及药品说明书阅读习惯均有显著提升(P<0.001)。结论:当前乡镇儿童家长在儿童用药方面存在较多的麻烦或困难,药品说明书中儿童用药信息标注模糊及存在缺项问题,乡镇医疗卫生机构药师药学服务能力欠缺,儿童合理用药知识的教育与宣传较薄弱。

OBJECTIVE：To provide reference for the research and formulation of public health policies for children in the ru-ral area. METHODS：Questionnaire survey was designed to investigate the drug use of children in the township area of Fujian prov-ince using parents of children as subjects. RESULTS：Totally 986 questionnaires were sent out,and 969 were effectively received with effective rate of 98.28%.The education level of the respondents was low,that junior school education or below accounted for 54.49%;the respondents having trouble or difficulty in giving child drugs accounted for 97.85%;the frequency of choice for chil-dren who didn＇t cooperate with medication due to the taste or dosage was 17.91%;17.91% thought that＂there was not enough child-specific medication or varieties＂;17.71%＂didn＇t know the accurate dosage＂;when children suffer from common diseases,the majority of respondents would choose town clinics,accounting for 42.83%. Before giving the child drugs for the first time, 50.26% of respondents would read the instruction;16.49% of respondents couldn＇t understand the instruction;37.67% of respon-dents＂would take the initiative to understand children＇s medication knowledge＂,22.19%＂wanted to know but did not have the channel＂,and 36.12%＂would read when had opportunity＂. 28.48%＂knew the difference of age and body mass in children＇s medi-cation＂,but 52.73%＂only had some understanding＂. 39.64% wanted to get the medication education from doctors,while 33.77%from pharmacist. Higher education held higher proportion on attention of children＇s medicine information,the extent of understand-ing children medication difference and the habit of reading drug instructions（P〈0.001）. CONCLUSIONS：Respondents in the town-ship have much trouble or difficulty in giving children drugs,children medication information is inadequate and inaccurate in pack-age inserts,there are many shortcomings in pharmaceutical care ability of township medical institutions,education and propaganda of rational drug use in children.